语法 Grammar in use 1．现在完成时与现在进行时 现在完成时的时间概念有时是不确定的。（cf. 第1册第83～88课）我们所关心的是现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的副词（如ago, yesterday等）连用。经常和现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前为止）；up to now （直到现在）；just（刚刚）；already（已经）；lately（近）；now（现在）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。现在进行时经常用于表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况，因此往往不需要和时间状语连用。试比较： 2．同位语 (Appositives) 一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。课文中有两句话含有同位语： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。（Tim是my brother的同位语。它们指的是同一个人。Tim用来补充说明my brother的名字） He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。（在这句话中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位语，补充说明这是个多大的镇子，在什么地方） 在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。请参阅课文中两个句子的译文。同位语如果太长，可以另译为一句。如课文中第二个例句的后半部分可以译为：“现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。这是澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。” 同位语的其他例子如： This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
词汇学习 Word study 1．receive vt. （1）接到，收到，得到： When did you receive that letter? 你什么时候收到那封信的？ Susan received a gift/card this morning. 今天上午苏珊收到了一份礼物／一张卡。 receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与不接受并不清楚。take则是主动地“拿”、“取”： He told me to take the keys from his pocket. 他让我从他口袋里把钥匙拿出来。 I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. 我叔叔给了我一枝漂亮的钢笔。昨天我弟弟把笔拿走了。 （2）招待，接待： You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. 如果你要接待这么多客人，你就需要一个大房间。 We usually receive guests on Saturday. 我们通常星期六招待宾客。 2．different adj. (名词为difference) （1）不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）： Desks are different from tables. 书桌与桌子不一样。 My room is different form yours. 我的房间与你的不同。 We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。 （2）各种各样的，不同的： He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。 This department store sells a large number of different things. 这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。 练习答案 Key to written exercises 1．关键句型练习答案 A 1 I have just had breakfast. 2 He has been in prison for six months. 3 The police have not caught the thief yet. 4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already). 5 Have you ever been to Switzerland? 6 I have never been to Switzerland. 7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far . 8 I haven't seen George lately . C 1 He has just left the house . 2 He has just had breakfast . 3 She has just written a letter . 4 My sister has just turned on the radio . 5 My mother has just made the bed . 6 She has just bought a new hat. D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet . 2 She hasn't made the beds yet . 3 He hasn't combed his hair yet . 4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet . 5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet . E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ? 2 Have you taken your holidays yet ? 3 Have you read this book yet ? 4 Have you done your homework yet ? 5 Have you finished your work yet ? 2 ．难点练习答案 1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take 3． 多项选择题答案 1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 9c 10a 11c 12c 课堂笔记 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 生词和短语 ★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excite4:激动 excited: -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 exciting boy interesting man The man is interesting. The news exciting,I am excited 其宾语一定是人 The news excited me. 让后面的人感到．．． interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的 The book interests me. ★receive v. 接受，收到 accept：同意接收 receive:客观的收到 This morning I received a bunch5 of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it. take take the exam：接收考试； take advice接收建议 receive/have receive/have a letter from somebody. ★firm n. 商行，公司 company ★different adj. 不同的 ★centre n. 中心 ★abroad adv. 在国外 副词，直接和动词连用 go aroad live abroad study abroad 读音语调要顿拙一些 received a letter from just和完成时连用 months one month two months I'have arrived in Beijing. has been He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地点 He has been in America for tow1 years. 连读 work for work in 强调地点 work for强调work I am working for a school. I am working in the New Oriental6 school. a great number of :a lot of a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数 a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词 i have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地没回来 has been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方 Have you been to Paris? soon:很快（时间） from there:从那地方起 from 即可以加时间又可以加地点 from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副词，在此之前 现在完成时态的标志 find trip exciting find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find the room clean find her happy is finding I'm finding...
〖语法精粹〗 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时 believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess7 care like hate love detest8 desire arrive不能和断时间连用 用进行时态表示将来时态的：go come leave arrive 第3课关键句型：一般过去式 第4课关键句型：现在完成式 第5课：一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点，不同点，用的时候要注意什么 下面几个词一出现就标志着完成式：just before already receive take 他到某地有多久了。 He has been. I have been here for three years. find:发现，找到 find the book dirty find+n.+a. Multiple choice questions】 (3)..... at...表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介词短语） go to...只要有to这个感念，它的后面一定要有宾语，go to the theater go in...(in 做副词）很小加宾语 He went in. go into...有去向的动作，还有进入的动作 go into the room move:搬家 move in:搬进来 move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬进去了 (4)..... how long...对段时间提问，跟现在完成时相连 have+动词的过去分词
