Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studied by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council's diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
"No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction", he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should b replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to reserve nature for the future.
" We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends, " Dr Baum went on. " we could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment area, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass."
1. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have indicated that
A) wildlife needs more protect only in Britain.
B) all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out.
C) there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere.
D) many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting.
2. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park
A) Because he needed to present it with a council's diploma.
B) Because he was concerned about its management.
C) Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.
D) Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.
3. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that
A) people should make every effort to create more environment areas.
B) people would go on protecting national parks.
C) certain areas of countryside should be left intact.
D) people would defend the right to develop the areas around national park.
4. In Dr Baum's opinion, the view that a nation reserve should serve as a tourist attraction is
A) idealistic
B) revolutionary
C) shortsighted
D) traditional
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.
B) We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.
C) People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.
D) We should destroy all the built-up areas.
Passage 2：The Cherokee Nation
Long before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible -- there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000had died. It was indeed a march of death.
1. The Cherokee Nation used to live
A) on the American continent.
B) in the southeastern part of the US.
c) beyond the Mississippi River.
D) in the western territory.
2. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of
A) writing down the spoken language.
B) making word pictures.
C) teaching his people reading.
D) printing their own newspaper.
3. A law was passed in 1830 to
A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B) send the army to help the Cherokees.
C) force the Cherokees to move westward.
D) forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.
4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands,
A) they went in carts.
B) they went on horseback.
C) they marched on foot.
D) all of the above.
5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because
A) they were not willing to go there.
B) the government did not provide transportation.
C) they did not have enough food and clothes.
D) the journey was long and boring.
参考答案：
Passage 1：Preserving Nature for Future
1．D．题干问的是欧洲委员会最近的研究表明了什么。第一段的最后一句说“45%的爬行 物种和24%的蝴蝶正濒临灭绝”，因此选择D是答案。
2．A．题干问的是鲍姆博士为什么来到英国的一个国家公园。文章中Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again../ 鲍姆博士再次来到这里是为了给这个公园颁发委员会的证书。
3．C．第2段最后一句说到的natural environments和最后一段中的 ..our natural environmental areas, which are the original parts of our countryside../原属于我们乡村组成部分的自然环境区域..,这两句合起来可以推断出“乡村的某些区域应保存完好”，所以C是答案。
4．C．第3段中“The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoors recreation/自然保护区必须满足人类户外娱乐迫切需要的这种目光短浅的观点”反映了答案C（目光短浅），该题考察定语从句的结构。
5．A．最后一段中有几处间接地提到了工业的发展对环境的破坏，如：We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature.（没有大多数的工业产品我们还能生存，但如果没有自然界我们则无法存活下去）由此可见选项A是正确的。
Passage 2： The Cherokee Nation
1．B．问题问“柴罗基部落过去生活在什么地方？”。答案查找线索词：柴罗基部落及live(居住)。于是在第1段的最后一句中找到答案相关句.
2．A．问题问“Sequoyah从白人哪儿拷贝来的其中一个方法是什么？”。答案查找线索词：Sequoyah 和the white man（白人）。第2段的段首句说“白人来了以后，柴罗基人从白人哪儿拷贝了许多白人的方法。”，然后接着说“一个被称为Sequoyah的柴罗基人怎样，怎样。”，可见答案相关句在该段。该段提到了“柴罗基人做了文字图片”，于是否定了答案B；该段的最后依据并不是说“是从白人哪儿学会的报纸印刷”，所以否定答案D；而该段中也未说“教他的人民识字”；所以答案只能是A（记下口语）。而该段的确是讲从白人哪儿学会运用字母符号记录发音的方法。
3．C．问题问“1830年通过的法律的内容是什么？”。借助答案线索词1830 查找答案相关句。很快发现第3段包含该年代。段首句说“1830年，美国国会通过了一条法律。”，接着的一句又说“该法律允许政府把印第安人从他们的土地上驱逐出去。”。依据此判断A错误（A说让印第安人留在他们自己的土地上。），同时据此判断B也不对（B说派军队去帮助柴罗基人。）C说“逼迫柴罗基人西行。”，D说“禁止柴罗基人读他们自己的报纸”，相比之下，C的说法更接近原文。
4．D．问题问“在什么时候柴罗基人开始离开了他们的土地？”。在第4段中发现“the sick, the old and the small children went in carts, … the rest of the people on foot or rode on horseback.”中包含了前三个备选答案，所以答案是D（上述所有的内容）。
5．C． 问题问“许多的柴罗基人死在了他们去往新家园的路上，这主要是因为什么原因？”。在第4段剩下的部分中不难发现“the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey.”一句，该句说“柴罗基人很快就被旅途的艰辛弄的筋疲力尽。”对比四个备选答案的语义，不难判断C合适（没有食物和衣物印证旅途的艰辛。）
